Shopping on line can be easy, simple and save you lots of money. It can also take a lot of your time, frustrate you, and result in unwanted purchases. Now the same can be said for regular high street shopping, but with the vast opportunity presented by the Internet it will pay you to spend a few minutes reading this and understanding how to better optimize your Digital Versatile Disc shopping experience:

1. Compare - without doubt the biggest advantage that the Digital Versatile Disc offers shoppers today is the ability to compare thousands of Digital Versatile Disc at a time. This is a great thing, but not necessarily all the time! Too much can be daunting at times so take advantage of the great comparison sites and where possible let them do the hard work for you.

2. Research - if it has been said it will be on the internet. Ignorance is no longer a justifiable reason for buying the wrong thing. Take the time to research in detail everything that you could possible want to know about

3. Testimonials - don't know anybody that has bought a Digital Versatile Disc? Wrong! If the Digital Versatile Disc is good the internet will let you know. Use the Internet as a friend and get testimonials before you buy.

4. Questions - Got a question about Digital Versatile Disc then search the Forums, FAQ's, Blogs etc. Don't be afraid to ask .....

5. Reputation - Never heard of the company selling Digital Versatile Disc? Don't worry, no reason why you should know every company in the world, but you know someone that does! Use the internet to find out what people are saying about Digital Versatile Disc and build up a picture of their reputation for sales, returns, customer service, delivery etc.

6. Returns - still worried that even after all of the above your Digital Versatile Disc wont be what you want? Check out the returns policy. There is so much competition now that someone, somewhere is bound to offer the terms that you are comfortable with.

7. Feedback - happy with your Digital Versatile Disc then let people know, after all you are depending on others people input in your buying decision, so why not give a little back.

8. Security - check for the yellow padlock on the Digital Versatile Disc site before you buy, and the s after http:/ /i.e. https:// = a secure site

9. Contact - got a question about Digital Versatile Disc, or want to leave a comment then check out the sites contact page. Reputable companies have them and respond.

10. Payment - ready to pay for your Digital Versatile Disc, then use your credit card or PayPal! Be aware of companies that don't accept them, there may be genuine reasons but given the huge amount of choice you have when buying online there is no reason at all not to buy via credit card or PayPal.

{{Infobox media| name = DVD| logo = | image = | caption =| type = Optical disc (single layer), 8.5 [gigabyte (dual layer)| read =| write =| standard =| owner =| use = Data storage, audio, video, games| extended from =| extended to =--> DVD+RW and a 19 cm Dixon Ticonderoga pencil.DVD (also known as "Digital Versatile Disc" and "Digital Video Disc")is a popular optical disc computer storage media format used for data storage. Its main uses are for movies, software, and data archiving. Most DVDs are of the same dimensions as compact discs (CDs) but store more than 6 times the data.

The term DVD is used in describing three ways that data is stored on the disks — DVD-ROM has data which can only be read and not written, DVD-R can be written once and then functions as a DVD-ROM, and DVD-RAM holds data that can be re-written multiple times.

DVD-Video and DVD-Audio discs respectively refer to properly formatted and structured video and audio content. Everything else, including other types of DVD discs with video content, is referred to as a DVD-Data disc. DVD is also used generically to refer to High_density (High Density) video disc formats Blu-ray Disc and HD DVD.

History In the early 1990s two high-density optical storage standards were being developed; one was the MultiMedia Compact Disc, backed by Philips and Sony, and the other was the Super Density disc, supported by Toshiba, Time Warner, Matsushita Electric, Hitachi, Ltd., Mitsubishi Electric, Pioneer Corporation, Thomson SA, and JVC. International Business Machines president, Lou Gerstner, acting as a matchmaker, led an effort to unite the two camps behind a single standard, anticipating a repeat of the costly Videotape format war between VHS, Betamax and Video 2000 in the 1980s.

Philips and Sony abandoned their MultiMedia Compact Disc and fully agreed upon Toshiba's SuperDensity Disc with only one modification, namely changing to Eight-to-Fourteen Modulation modulation. EFMPlus was chosen as it has a great resilience against disc damage such as scratches and fingerprints. EFMPlus, created by Kees A. Schouhamer Immink, who also designed Eight-to-Fourteen Modulation, is 6% less efficient than the modulation technique originally used by Toshiba, which resulted in a capacity of 4.7 Gigabyte as opposed to the original 5 GB. The result was the DVD specification, finalized for the DVD movie player and DVD-Read Only Memory computer applications in December 1995. In May 1997, the DVD Consortium was replaced by the DVD Forum, which is open to all other companies.

Etymology "DVD" was originally used as an Acronym and initialism for the unofficial term "digital videodisk".{{cite web| title = A Battle for Influence Over Insatiable Disks | publisher = New York Times | date = [1995-01-11 | url = http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=990CEEDA143CF932A25752C0A963958260 | accessdate = 2007-04-09--> It was reported in 1995, at the time of the specification finalization, that the letters officially stood for "digital versatile disc" (due to non-video applications),{{cite web | title = DVD designers go with AC-3 Final specs for 'digital versatile disc'... | publisher = The Hollywood Reporter | date = [1995-12-11 | url = http://login.vnuemedia.com/h/login/login_subscribe.jsp?id=EhTA1werc%2F8oJkXd3AvIhVqJMQ%2BEsnoUjFFnmSZpudrVtJLf7Nv3guKhcy0wXloTw1ec8wBZwjOB%0A62XN0BJm24K0G1zDvlaa2k6JKCFzE7ePjrRq%2BP7fzOttoVmmk0ji0Ak9XMyUDOLcVVHvY1YAAu7R%0A9%2FWEig9DTbEWMSZ81VibQ8Yr05 cHz6%2BtV7gQyZ7v2cr1AiqljrxXu9IdD%2FTDqGSb8vhhZNMn6q9G%0Aegam8cJXu9IdD%2FTDqOmFpnXV7XcQIVOkoLrk6Bs%3D | accessdate = 2007-04-16--> however, the text of the press release announcing the specification finalization only refers to the technology as "DVD", making no mention of what (if anything) the letters stood for. A newsgroup [Frequently Asked Questions written by Jim Taylor (a prominent figure in the industry) claims that four years later, in 1999, the DVD Forum stated that the format name was simply the three letters "DVD" and did not stand for anything.{{cite web | title = DVD FAQ | publisher = DVD Demystified | date = [2006-09-12 | url = http://www.dvddemystified.com/dvdfaq.html#1.1 | accessdate = --> The official DVD specification documents have never defined DVD. Usage in the present day varies, with "DVD", "Digital Video Disc", and "Digital Versatile Disc" all being common.

DVD disc capacity {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"!!colspan="2"| Single layer capacity!colspan="2"| Dual/Double layer capacity|-! Physical size || Gigabyte || Gibibyte || GB || GiB|-|style="text-align:left;"| 12 centimeter, single sided || 4.7 || 4.38 || 8.5 || 7.96|-|style="text-align:left;"| 12 cm, double sided || 9.4 || 8.75 || 17.1 || 15.93|-|style="text-align:left;"| MiniDVD, single sided || 1.4 || 1.30 || 2.6 || 2.42|-|style="text-align:left;"| 8 cm, double sided || 2.8 || 2.61 || 5.2 || 4.84|-|}

The 12 cm type is a standard DVD, and the 8 cm variety is known as a MiniDVD. These are the same sizes as a standard CD and a mini CD, respectively.

Note: GB here means gigabyte, equal to 109 (or 1,000,000,000) bytes. Many programs will display gibibyte (GiB), equal to 230 (or 1,073,741,824) bytes.

Example: A disc with 8.5 GB capacity is equivalent to:(8.5 × 1,000,000,000) / 1,073,741,824 ≈ 7.92 GiB.

Capacity Note: There is a difference in capacity (storage space) between + and - DL DVD formats. For example, the 12 cm single sided disk has capacities:{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"! Disk Type || Sectors || bytes || GB || GiB|-|style="text-align:right;"| DVD-R SL || 2,298,496 || 4,707,319,808 || 4.7 || 4.384|-|style="text-align:right;"| DVD+R SL || 2,295,104 || 4,700,372,992 || 4.7 || 4.378|-|style="text-align:right;"| DVD-R DL || 4,171,712 || 8,543,666,176 || 8.5 || 7.957|-|style="text-align:right;"| DVD+R DL || 4,173,824 || 8,547,991,552 || 8.5 || 7.961|-|}

Capacity nomenclature The five basic types of DVD are referred to by their approximate capacity in gigabytes.{| class="wikitable"|-! DVD type! Name|-| Single sided, single layer || DVD-5|-| Single sided, dual layer || DVD-9|-| Double sided, single layer || DVD-10|-| Double sided, dual layer on one side, single on other || DVD-14|-| Double sided, dual layer on both sides || DVD-18|}

Technology DVD uses 650 nm wavelength laser diode light as opposed to 780 nm for CD. This permits a smaller spot on the media surface that is 1.32 µm for DVD while it was 2.11 µm for CD.

Writing speeds for DVD were 1x, that is 1350 Kilobyte/s (1318 Binary prefix/s), in first drives and media models. More recent models at 18x or 20x will have 18 or 20 times that speed. Note that for CD drives, 1x means 153.6 kB/s (150 KiB/s), 9 times slower. DVD FAQ

DVD recordable and rewritable Hewlett-Packard initially developed recordable DVD media from the need to store data for back-up and transport.

DVD recordables are now also used for consumer audio and video recording. Three formats were developed: -DVD-R/DVD-RW (minus/dash), +DVD+R/DVD+RW (plus), DVD-RAM.

Dual layer recording Dual Layer recording allows DVD-R and DVD+R discs to store significantly more data, up to 8.5 Gigabytes per disc, compared with 4.7 Gigabytes for single-layer discs. DVD-R DL was developed for the DVD Forum by Pioneer Corporation, DVD+R DL was developed for the DVD+RW Alliance by Philips and Mitsubishi Kagaku Media (MKM).

A Dual Layer disc differs from its usual DVD counterpart by employing a second physical layer within the disc itself. The drive with Dual Layer capability accesses the second layer by shining the laser through the first semi-transparent layer. The layer change mechanism in some DVD players can show a noticeable pause, as long as two seconds by some accounts. This caused more than a few viewers to worry that their dual layer discs were damaged or defective, with the end result that studios began listing a standard message explaining the dual layer pausing effect on all dual layer disc packaging.

DVD recordable discs supporting this technology are backward compatible with some existing DVD players and DVD-ROM drives. Many current DVD recorders support dual-layer technology, and the price is comparable to that of single-layer drives, though the blank media remain more expensive.

DVD-Video DVD-Video is a standard for storing video content on DVD media. In the U.S., weekly DVD-Video rentals first out-numbered weekly VHS cassette rentals in June 2003, illustrating the rapid adoption rate of the technology in the marketplace.{{cite web| first=Anna | last=Bakalis | title = It's unreel: DVD rentals overtake videocassettes | publisher = [Washington Times | date = [2003-06-20 | url = http://washingtontimes.com/business/20030620-113258-1104r.htm | accessdate = -->

Though many resolutions and formats are supported, most consumer DVD-Video disks use either 4:3 or 16:9 aspect ratio MPEG-2 video, stored at a resolution of 720×480 (NTSC) or 720×576 (PAL). Audio is commonly stored using the Dolby Digital (AC-3), Digital Theater System (DTS) formats, ranging from monaural to 5.1 channel "Surround Sound" presentations, and/or MPEG-1 Layer 2. Although the specifications for video and audio requirements vary by global region and television system, many DVD players support all possible formats. DVD-Video also supports features like menus, selectable subtitles, multiple camera angles, and multiple audio tracks.

DVD-Audio DVD-Audio is a format for delivering high-fidelity audio content on a DVD. It offers many channel configuration options (from monaural to 5.1 surround sound) at various sampling frequencies. Compared with the CD format, the much higher capacity DVD format enables the inclusion of either considerably more music (with respect to total running time and quantity of songs) or far higher audio quality (reflected by higher linear sampling rates and higher vertical bit-rates, and/or additional channels for spatial sound reproduction).

Despite DVD-Audio's superior technical specifications, there is debate as to whether the resulting audio enhancements are distinguishable to typical human ears. DVD-Audio currently forms a niche market, probably due to its dependency upon new and relatively expensive equipment.

Security DVD-Audio discs employ a robust copy prevention mechanism, called Content Protection for Prerecorded Media (CPPM) developed by the 4C group (IBM, Intel, Matsushita, and Toshiba).

To date, CPPM has not been "broken" in the sense that DVD-Video's Content Scramble System has been broken, but ways to circumvent it have been developed. By modifying commercial DVD(-Audio) playback software to write the decrypted and decoded audio streams to the hard disk, users can, essentially, extract content from DVD-Audio discs much in the same way they can from DVD-Video discs.

Competitors and successors There are several possible successors to DVD being developed by different consortia. Sony/Panasonic Blu-ray Disc (BD) and Toshiba HD DVD began to gain traction in 2007, and next-generation technologies such as Hitachi Maxell Holographic Versatile Disc (HVD) and 3D optical data storage are being actively developed.

On November 19, 2003, the DVD Forum decided by a vote of eight to six that HD DVD will be its official High-definition television successor to DVD.

See also

References | first=Hugh | last=Bennett | title = Understanding Recordable & Rewritable DVD | publisher = Optical Storage Technology Association | date = April 2004 | url = http://www.osta.org/technology/dvdqa/ | accessdate = 2006-12-17 -->

External links Official

Quality guide

Knowledge

{{Infobox media| name = DVD| logo = | image = | caption =| type = Optical disc (single layer), 8.5 [gigabyte (dual layer)| read =| write =| standard =| owner =| use = Data storage, audio, video, games| extended from =| extended to =--> DVD+RW and a 19 cm Dixon Ticonderoga pencil.DVD (also known as "Digital Versatile Disc" and "Digital Video Disc")is a popular optical disc computer storage media format used for data storage. Its main uses are for movies, software, and data archiving. Most DVDs are of the same dimensions as compact discs (CDs) but store more than 6 times the data.

The term DVD is used in describing three ways that data is stored on the disks — DVD-ROM has data which can only be read and not written, DVD-R can be written once and then functions as a DVD-ROM, and DVD-RAM holds data that can be re-written multiple times.

DVD-Video and DVD-Audio discs respectively refer to properly formatted and structured video and audio content. Everything else, including other types of DVD discs with video content, is referred to as a DVD-Data disc. DVD is also used generically to refer to High_density (High Density) video disc formats Blu-ray Disc and HD DVD.

History In the early 1990s two high-density optical storage standards were being developed; one was the MultiMedia Compact Disc, backed by Philips and Sony, and the other was the Super Density disc, supported by Toshiba, Time Warner, Matsushita Electric, Hitachi, Ltd., Mitsubishi Electric, Pioneer Corporation, Thomson SA, and JVC. International Business Machines president, Lou Gerstner, acting as a matchmaker, led an effort to unite the two camps behind a single standard, anticipating a repeat of the costly Videotape format war between VHS, Betamax and Video 2000 in the 1980s.

Philips and Sony abandoned their MultiMedia Compact Disc and fully agreed upon Toshiba's SuperDensity Disc with only one modification, namely changing to Eight-to-Fourteen Modulation modulation. EFMPlus was chosen as it has a great resilience against disc damage such as scratches and fingerprints. EFMPlus, created by Kees A. Schouhamer Immink, who also designed Eight-to-Fourteen Modulation, is 6% less efficient than the modulation technique originally used by Toshiba, which resulted in a capacity of 4.7 Gigabyte as opposed to the original 5 GB. The result was the DVD specification, finalized for the DVD movie player and DVD-Read Only Memory computer applications in December 1995. In May 1997, the DVD Consortium was replaced by the DVD Forum, which is open to all other companies.

Etymology "DVD" was originally used as an Acronym and initialism for the unofficial term "digital videodisk".{{cite web| title = A Battle for Influence Over Insatiable Disks | publisher = New York Times | date = [1995-01-11 | url = http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=990CEEDA143CF932A25752C0A963958260 | accessdate = 2007-04-09--> It was reported in 1995, at the time of the specification finalization, that the letters officially stood for "digital versatile disc" (due to non-video applications),{{cite web | title = DVD designers go with AC-3 Final specs for 'digital versatile disc'... | publisher = The Hollywood Reporter | date = [1995-12-11 | url = http://login.vnuemedia.com/h/login/login_subscribe.jsp?id=EhTA1werc%2F8oJkXd3AvIhVqJMQ%2BEsnoUjFFnmSZpudrVtJLf7Nv3guKhcy0wXloTw1ec8wBZwjOB%0A62XN0BJm24K0G1zDvlaa2k6JKCFzE7ePjrRq%2BP7fzOttoVmmk0ji0Ak9XMyUDOLcVVHvY1YAAu7R%0A9%2FWEig9DTbEWMSZ81VibQ8Yr05 cHz6%2BtV7gQyZ7v2cr1AiqljrxXu9IdD%2FTDqGSb8vhhZNMn6q9G%0Aegam8cJXu9IdD%2FTDqOmFpnXV7XcQIVOkoLrk6Bs%3D | accessdate = 2007-04-16--> however, the text of the press release announcing the specification finalization only refers to the technology as "DVD", making no mention of what (if anything) the letters stood for. A newsgroup [Frequently Asked Questions written by Jim Taylor (a prominent figure in the industry) claims that four years later, in 1999, the DVD Forum stated that the format name was simply the three letters "DVD" and did not stand for anything.{{cite web | title = DVD FAQ | publisher = DVD Demystified | date = [2006-09-12 | url = http://www.dvddemystified.com/dvdfaq.html#1.1 | accessdate = --> The official DVD specification documents have never defined DVD. Usage in the present day varies, with "DVD", "Digital Video Disc", and "Digital Versatile Disc" all being common.

DVD disc capacity {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"!!colspan="2"| Single layer capacity!colspan="2"| Dual/Double layer capacity|-! Physical size || Gigabyte || Gibibyte || GB || GiB|-|style="text-align:left;"| 12 centimeter, single sided || 4.7 || 4.38 || 8.5 || 7.96|-|style="text-align:left;"| 12 cm, double sided || 9.4 || 8.75 || 17.1 || 15.93|-|style="text-align:left;"| MiniDVD, single sided || 1.4 || 1.30 || 2.6 || 2.42|-|style="text-align:left;"| 8 cm, double sided || 2.8 || 2.61 || 5.2 || 4.84|-|}

The 12 cm type is a standard DVD, and the 8 cm variety is known as a MiniDVD. These are the same sizes as a standard CD and a mini CD, respectively.

Note: GB here means gigabyte, equal to 109 (or 1,000,000,000) bytes. Many programs will display gibibyte (GiB), equal to 230 (or 1,073,741,824) bytes.

Example: A disc with 8.5 GB capacity is equivalent to:(8.5 × 1,000,000,000) / 1,073,741,824 ≈ 7.92 GiB.

Capacity Note: There is a difference in capacity (storage space) between + and - DL DVD formats. For example, the 12 cm single sided disk has capacities:{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"! Disk Type || Sectors || bytes || GB || GiB|-|style="text-align:right;"| DVD-R SL || 2,298,496 || 4,707,319,808 || 4.7 || 4.384|-|style="text-align:right;"| DVD+R SL || 2,295,104 || 4,700,372,992 || 4.7 || 4.378|-|style="text-align:right;"| DVD-R DL || 4,171,712 || 8,543,666,176 || 8.5 || 7.957|-|style="text-align:right;"| DVD+R DL || 4,173,824 || 8,547,991,552 || 8.5 || 7.961|-|}

Capacity nomenclature The five basic types of DVD are referred to by their approximate capacity in gigabytes.{| class="wikitable"|-! DVD type! Name|-| Single sided, single layer || DVD-5|-| Single sided, dual layer || DVD-9|-| Double sided, single layer || DVD-10|-| Double sided, dual layer on one side, single on other || DVD-14|-| Double sided, dual layer on both sides || DVD-18|}

Technology DVD uses 650 nm wavelength laser diode light as opposed to 780 nm for CD. This permits a smaller spot on the media surface that is 1.32 µm for DVD while it was 2.11 µm for CD.

Writing speeds for DVD were 1x, that is 1350 Kilobyte/s (1318 Binary prefix/s), in first drives and media models. More recent models at 18x or 20x will have 18 or 20 times that speed. Note that for CD drives, 1x means 153.6 kB/s (150 KiB/s), 9 times slower. DVD FAQ

DVD recordable and rewritable Hewlett-Packard initially developed recordable DVD media from the need to store data for back-up and transport.

DVD recordables are now also used for consumer audio and video recording. Three formats were developed: -DVD-R/DVD-RW (minus/dash), +DVD+R/DVD+RW (plus), DVD-RAM.

Dual layer recording Dual Layer recording allows DVD-R and DVD+R discs to store significantly more data, up to 8.5 Gigabytes per disc, compared with 4.7 Gigabytes for single-layer discs. DVD-R DL was developed for the DVD Forum by Pioneer Corporation, DVD+R DL was developed for the DVD+RW Alliance by Philips and Mitsubishi Kagaku Media (MKM).

A Dual Layer disc differs from its usual DVD counterpart by employing a second physical layer within the disc itself. The drive with Dual Layer capability accesses the second layer by shining the laser through the first semi-transparent layer. The layer change mechanism in some DVD players can show a noticeable pause, as long as two seconds by some accounts. This caused more than a few viewers to worry that their dual layer discs were damaged or defective, with the end result that studios began listing a standard message explaining the dual layer pausing effect on all dual layer disc packaging.

DVD recordable discs supporting this technology are backward compatible with some existing DVD players and DVD-ROM drives. Many current DVD recorders support dual-layer technology, and the price is comparable to that of single-layer drives, though the blank media remain more expensive.

DVD-Video DVD-Video is a standard for storing video content on DVD media. In the U.S., weekly DVD-Video rentals first out-numbered weekly VHS cassette rentals in June 2003, illustrating the rapid adoption rate of the technology in the marketplace.{{cite web| first=Anna | last=Bakalis | title = It's unreel: DVD rentals overtake videocassettes | publisher = [Washington Times | date = [2003-06-20 | url = http://washingtontimes.com/business/20030620-113258-1104r.htm | accessdate = -->

Though many resolutions and formats are supported, most consumer DVD-Video disks use either 4:3 or 16:9 aspect ratio MPEG-2 video, stored at a resolution of 720×480 (NTSC) or 720×576 (PAL). Audio is commonly stored using the Dolby Digital (AC-3), Digital Theater System (DTS) formats, ranging from monaural to 5.1 channel "Surround Sound" presentations, and/or MPEG-1 Layer 2. Although the specifications for video and audio requirements vary by global region and television system, many DVD players support all possible formats. DVD-Video also supports features like menus, selectable subtitles, multiple camera angles, and multiple audio tracks.

DVD-Audio DVD-Audio is a format for delivering high-fidelity audio content on a DVD. It offers many channel configuration options (from monaural to 5.1 surround sound) at various sampling frequencies. Compared with the CD format, the much higher capacity DVD format enables the inclusion of either considerably more music (with respect to total running time and quantity of songs) or far higher audio quality (reflected by higher linear sampling rates and higher vertical bit-rates, and/or additional channels for spatial sound reproduction).

Despite DVD-Audio's superior technical specifications, there is debate as to whether the resulting audio enhancements are distinguishable to typical human ears. DVD-Audio currently forms a niche market, probably due to its dependency upon new and relatively expensive equipment.

Security DVD-Audio discs employ a robust copy prevention mechanism, called Content Protection for Prerecorded Media (CPPM) developed by the 4C group (IBM, Intel, Matsushita, and Toshiba).

To date, CPPM has not been "broken" in the sense that DVD-Video's Content Scramble System has been broken, but ways to circumvent it have been developed. By modifying commercial DVD(-Audio) playback software to write the decrypted and decoded audio streams to the hard disk, users can, essentially, extract content from DVD-Audio discs much in the same way they can from DVD-Video discs.

Competitors and successors There are several possible successors to DVD being developed by different consortia. Sony/Panasonic Blu-ray Disc (BD) and Toshiba HD DVD began to gain traction in 2007, and next-generation technologies such as Hitachi Maxell Holographic Versatile Disc (HVD) and 3D optical data storage are being actively developed.

On November 19, 2003, the DVD Forum decided by a vote of eight to six that HD DVD will be its official High-definition television successor to DVD.

See also

References | first=Hugh | last=Bennett | title = Understanding Recordable & Rewritable DVD | publisher = Optical Storage Technology Association | date = April 2004 | url = http://www.osta.org/technology/dvdqa/ | accessdate = 2006-12-17 -->

External links Official

Quality guide

Knowledge



 

Digital Versatile Disc



 
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